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Incontinence, urinary
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Joint pain, monarticular
Joint pain, polyarticular
Knee pain
Nasal congestion and rhinorrhea
Neck and back pain
Nipple discharge
Otorrhea
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Pain, chronic
Palpitations
Pelvic pain
Pelvic pain during early pregnancy
Polyuria and frequency
Pruritus
Red eye
Scrotal pain
Sore throat
Stridor
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Tearing
Tinnitus
Toothache
Urinary retention
Vaginal bleeding
Vaginal bleeding during early pregnancy
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Section
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders
Approach to the Patient With Joint Disease
Introduction
History
Physical Examination
Elbow
Shoulder
Knee
Hip
Other
Testing
Blood tests
Imaging studies
Arthrocentesis
Synovial fluid examination
Monarticular Joint Pain
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Key Points
Polyarticular Pain
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Autoimmune Rheumatic Disorders
Introduction
Eosinophilic Fasciitis (EF)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Polymyositis and Dermatomyositis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Relapsing Polychondritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Sjögren's Syndrome (SS)
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Glandular manifestations
Extraglandular manifestations
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)
Symptoms and Signs
Joint manifestations
Skin and mucous membrane manifestations
Cardiopulmonary manifestations
Adenopathy and splenic manifestations
Neurologic manifestations
Renal manifestations
Obstetric manifestations
Hematologic manifestations
GI manifestations
Diagnosis
Fluorescent ANA
Other ANA and anticytoplasmic antibodies
Other blood tests
Renal involvement
Prognosis
Treatment
Mild or remittent disease
Severe disease
Suppressive therapy
Focal complications and coexisting medical conditions
Variant Forms of Lupus
Discoid lupus erythematosus (DLE)
Subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus (SCLE)
Systemic Sclerosis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Skin and nail manifestations
Joint manifestations
GI manifestations
Cardiopulmonary manifestations
Renal manifestations
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Bursa, Muscle, and Tendon Disorders
Introduction
Bursitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Fibromyalgia
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Muscle Cramps
Treatment
Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Crystal-Induced Arthritides
Introduction
Basic Ca Phosphate and Calcium Oxalate Crystal Deposition Diseases
Basic Ca phosphate crystal deposition disease
Ca oxalate crystal deposition disease
Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystal Deposition Disease
Etiology
Incidence
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Gout
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Course
Tophi
Chronic gout
Diagnosis
Synovial fluid analysis
Serum urate level
X-rays
Diagnosis of chronic gouty arthritis
Prognosis
Treatment
Treatment of acute attacks
Prevention of recurrent attacks
Lowering the serum urate level
Other treatments
Asymptomatic Hyperuricemia
Foot and Ankle Disorders
Introduction
Achilles Tendon Enthesopathy
Treatment
Anterior Achilles Tendon Bursitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Bunion
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Epiphysitis of the Calcaneus
Treatment
Hammer Toe Deformity
Treatment
Inferior Calcaneal Bursitis
Medial Plantar Nerve Entrapment
Diagnosis
Treatment
Metatarsalgia
Freiberg's Disease
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Interdigital Nerve Pain
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Metatarsophalangeal Joint Pain
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Sesamoiditis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Plantar Fasciosis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Plantar Fibromatosis
Posterior Achilles Tendon Bursitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Tibialis Posterior Tendinosis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Hand Disorders
Introduction
Evaluation
History
Physical examination
Laboratory testing
Deformities
Mallet Finger
Swan-Neck Deformity
Boutonnière Deformity
Dupuytren's Contracture
Symptoms and Signs
Treatment
Ganglia
Etiology
Diagnosis
Treatment
Infections
Treatment
Infected Bite Wounds
Diagnosis
Treatment
Felon
Palm Abscess
Infectious Flexor Tenosynovitis
Diagnosis
Treatment
Herpetic Whitlow
Kienböck's Disease
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nerve Compression Syndromes
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cubital Tunnel Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Radial Tunnel Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Noninfectious Tenosynovitis
Digital Flexor Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis
Treatment
De Quervain's Syndrome
Treatment
Osteoarthritis of the Hand
Treatment
Infections of Joints and Bones
Acute Infectious Arthritis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Gonococcal arthritis
Nongonococcal bacterial arthritis
Infectious arthritis secondary to bite wounds
Viral infectious arthritis
Borrelia burgdorferi
arthritis
Diagnosis
General arthritis
Gonococcal arthritis
Prognosis
Treatment
Antibiotic therapy
Other therapies
Viral arthritis and arthritis secondary to bite wounds
Chronic Infectious Arthritis
Osteomyelitis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prosthetic Joint Infectious Arthritis
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention
Joint Disorders
Introduction
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Neurogenic Arthropathy
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Osteoarthritis (OA)
Classification
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Physical measures
Drugs
Other adjunctive and experimental therapies
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Extra-articular manifestations
Diagnosis
Differential diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Rest and nutrition
Physical measures
Surgery
Drugs for RA
NSAIDs
Traditional (DMARDs)
Corticosteroids
Immunomodulatory, cytotoxic, and immunosuppressive drugs
Biologic agents
Other agents
Seronegative Spondyloarthropathies
Ankylosing Spondylitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Reactive Arthritis
Etiology
Epidemiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Psoriatic Arthritis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Other Spondyloarthropathies
Neck and Back Pain
Introduction
Pathophysiology
Etiology
Common causes
Serious uncommon causes
Other uncommon causes
Evaluation
General
History
Physical examination
Red flags
Interpretation of findings
Testing
Treatment
Geriatrics Essentials
Key Points
Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nontraumatic Subluxation
Atlantoaxial Subluxation
Diagnosis
Treatment
Spondylolisthesis
Sciatica
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Spasmodic Torticollis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Osteonecrosis
Osteonecrosis
Etiology
Traumatic ON
Nontraumatic ON
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
General symptoms
Joint-specific symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Nonsurgical treatments
Surgical treatments
Prevention
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis
Pathophysiology
Classification
Primary osteoporosis
Secondary osteoporosis
Risk Factors
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Plain x‑rays
Bone density measurement
Other testing
Screening
Treatment
Preserving bone mass
Preventing fractures
Treating pain and maintaining function
Prevention
Paget's Disease of Bone
Paget's Disease of Bone
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Complications
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Drug therapy
Tumors of Bones and Joints
Introduction
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Characteristic findings
Other testing
Benign Bone Tumors
Osteochondroma
Enchondroma
Chondroblastoma
Chondromyxofibroma
Osteoid osteoma
Benign giant cell tumor
Joint Tumors
Synovial chondromatosis (previously called synovial osteochondromatosis)
Pigmented villonodular synovitis
Metastatic Bone Tumors
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Other Bone Lesions
Unicameral bone cyst
Fibrous dysplasia
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Primary Malignant Bone Tumors
Multiple myeloma
Osteosarcoma
Fibrosarcoma
Malignant fibrous histiocytoma
Chondrosarcoma
Ewing's sarcoma of bone
Lymphoma of bone
Malignant giant cell tumor
Chordoma
Vasculitis
Introduction
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Classification
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Induction of remission
Remission maintenance
Behçet's Syndrome
Symptoms and Signs
Mucocutaneous
Ocular
Musculoskeletal
Vascular
Neurologic and psychiatric
GI
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Churg-Strauss Syndrome
Etiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Cutaneous Vasculitis
Symptoms
Diagnosis
Treatment
Giant Cell Arteritis
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP)
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Microscopic Polyangiitis
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Polyarteritis Nodosa (PAN)
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Hepatitis B–related PAN
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Treatment
Takayasu's Arteritis
Etiology
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
Drugs
Procedures
Wegener's Granulomatosis
Pathophysiology
Symptoms and Signs
Diagnosis
Prognosis
Treatment
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