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THE MERCK MANUAL MEDICAL LIBRARY: The Merck Manual of Diagnosis and Therapy
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LA

LAAM (levomethadyl acetate)

Opioids: Maintenance

Labetalol

  • in aortic dissection

  • Aortic Dissection: Treatment

  • in hypertensive emergency

  • Parenteral Drugs for Hypertensive EmergenciesTables
    Hypertensive Emergencies: Treatment

  • in pregnancy

  • Hypertension in Pregnancy: Drugs

    Labor and delivery

    see also Birth
    Management of Normal Labor
    Management of Normal Delivery
    Sequence of events in delivery for vertex presentations. Figures

  • abnormal presentations during

  • Fetal Dystocia: Occiput posterior presentation
    Evaluation and Care of the Normal Neonate: Physical examination

  • analgesia for

  • Management of Normal Labor: Analgesia

  • anesthesia for

  • Management of Normal Labor: Analgesia
    Management of Normal Delivery: Anesthesia

  • breech presentation during

  • Fetal Dystocia: Breech presentation

  • cardiac output during

  • Heart Disorders in Pregnancy: Pathophysiology

  • care after

  • Postpartum Care
    Normal Postpartum ChangesTables

  • complications of

  • Management of Normal Labor: Birthing options
    Abnormalities and Complications of Labor and Delivery

  • diabetes mellitus and

  • Diabetes Mellitus in Pregnancy (Gestational Diabetes): Labor and delivery

  • dystocia in

  • Fetal Dystocia

  • fetal monitoring during

  • Management of Normal Labor: Fetal Monitoring
    Small-for-Gestational-Age (SGA) Infant: Complications

  • fetopelvic disproportion during

  • Fetal Dystocia: Fetopelvic disproportion

  • forceps for

  • Management of Normal Delivery: Delivery Procedures

  • head molding during

  • Evaluation and Care of the Normal Neonate: Physical examination

  • hemorrhage after

  • Postpartum Hemorrhage
    Perinatal Anemia: Blood loss

  • induction of

  • Alternatives to Spontaneous Labor and Delivery: Induction of Labor

  • infection with

  • Infections in Neonates

  • inverted uterus and

  • Inverted Uterus

  • Leopold maneuvers for

  • Leopold maneuver. Figures

  • meconium aspiration during

  • Meconium Aspiration Syndrome

  • occiput posterior presentation during

  • Fetal Dystocia: Occiput posterior presentation

  • premature rupture of membranes and

  • Management of Normal Labor: Rupture of membranes
    Premature Rupture of Membranes (PROM)

  • preterm

  • see also Premature infant
    Risk Factors: Prior preterm delivery
    Preterm Labor

  • protracted

  • Protracted Labor

  • Ringer's lactate during

  • Management of Normal Labor: Preparation for delivery

  • shoulder dystocia during

  • Fetal Dystocia: Shoulder dystocia

  • stages of

  • Management of Normal Labor: Stages of labor

  • transverse lie during

  • Fetal Dystocia: Transverse lie

  • umbilical cord prolapse and

  • Umbilical Cord Prolapse

  • uterine rupture and

  • Uterine Rupture

    Laboratory tests

    see also specific tests

  • in acute renal failure

  • Causes of Acute Renal Failure Based on Laboratory FindingsTables

  • in clinical decision making

  • Diagnostic Testing
    Distributions of test results. Figures
    Cardiac Troponin I Levels in Acute Ischemic Heart DiseaseTables
    Interpretation of Cardiac Troponin I Results Using Bayes' TheoremTables

  • false-negative

  • Diagnostic Testing
    Distributions of test results. Figures

  • false-positive

  • Diagnostic Testing
    Distributions of test results. Figures

  • odds-likelihood formulation for

  • Bayes' Theorem: Odds-Likelihood Formulation

  • preoperative

  • Preoperative Evaluation: Testing

  • sensitivity of

  • Diagnostic Testing
    Bayes' Theorem: Defining a Positive Test Result
    Distributions of test results. Figures

  • specificity of

  • Diagnostic Testing
    Bayes' Theorem: Odds-Likelihood Formulation
    Distributions of test results. Figures

  • threshold for

  • Determining a Threshold for Treating
    One-way sensitivity analysis of testing threshold tree.Figures

  • units of measurement for

  • Ready Reference Guides

    Laboratory worker's lung

    Examples of Hypersensitivity PneumonitisTables

    Labyrinthitis

    Some Causes of Dizziness and VertigoTables
    Purulent Labyrinthitis

    Lacerations

    Lacerations
    Suture MaterialsTables
    Simple subcutaneous suture. Figures
    Simple cutaneous suture.Figures
    Suture spacing.Figures
    Vertical mattress suture.Figures
    Running suture.Figures

  • ocular

  • Contusions and Lacerations

    Lachman's test

    Knee Sprains and Meniscal Injuries: Diagnosis

    Lacrimal apparatus

    Anatomy of the lacrimal system.Figures

  • obstruction of

  • Tearing
    Some Causes of TearingTables
    Findings That Suggest the Cause of Nasolacrimal ObstructionTables

  • palpation of

  • Approach to the Ophthalmologic Patient: Eyelid and conjunctival examination

    Lacrimal sac

    Anatomy of the lacrimal system.Figures

  • infection of

  • Dacryocystitis

    Lacrimal system

  • disorders of

  • Eyelid and Lacrimal Disorders

    La Crosse encephalitis

    Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus Diseases Tables
    Encephalitis: Etiology and Pathophysiology

    b-Lactam antibiotics

    see also Penicillin
    Bacteria and Antibacterial Drugs: Effectiveness
    Usual Doses of Commonly Prescribed AntibioticsTables
    β-Lactams

    Lactase deficiency

    Gas-Related Complaints: Excessive flatus
    Carbohydrate Intolerance

    Lactate

  • serum

  • in shock

  • Intravenous Fluid Resuscitation: End point and Monitoring

    Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)

  • in anemia

  • Evaluation of Anemia: Testing

  • disease-related alterations in

  • Laboratory Tests: Lactate dehydrogenase

    Lactation

    see also Breastfeeding
    see also Breast milk
    Postpartum Care: Breast engorgement

  • abnormal

  • Galactorrhea

  • suppression of

  • Postpartum Care: Breast engorgement

    Lactic acidosis

    Metabolic Acidosis: Lactic Acidosis

    Lactobacillus

    Gastroenteritis: Antimicrobials

    Lactobionate

    Usual Doses of Commonly Prescribed AntibioticsTables

    Lactose-H2 breath test

    Malabsorption Syndromes: Diagnosing the cause of malabsorption
    Carbohydrate Intolerance: Diagnosis

    Lactose intolerance

    Carbohydrate Intolerance

  • diarrhea with

  • Diarrhea: Osmotic load
    Dietary Factors That May Worsen DiarrheaTables
    Diarrhea: Etiology

  • irritable bowel syndrome and

  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Diet

  • protein-energy undernutrition and

  • Protein-Energy Undernutrition: Treatment

  • test for

  • Carbohydrate Intolerance: Diagnosis

    Lactose tolerance test

    Carbohydrate Intolerance: Diagnosis

    Lactotrophs

    Principles of Endocrinology: Prolactin

    Lactulose

  • constipation and

  • Agents Used to Treat ConstipationTables
    Constipation: Types of laxatives

  • diarrhea and

  • Diarrhea: Osmotic load

  • in portal-systemic encephalopathy

  • Portal–Systemic Encephalopathy: Treatment

    Lacunar infarct

    Selected Stroke SyndromesTables
    Ischemic Stroke: Lacunar infarcts
    Ischemic Stroke: Symptoms and Signs

    Lagophthalmos

  • leprosy and

  • Leprosy: Complications

    Laguna Negra virus infection

    Hantavirus Infection: Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome

    Lambert-Eaton syndrome

    Examples of Disorders Associated With Defects in Neurotransmission Tables

    Lamin A

    Progeria

    Laminaria

    Induced Abortion: Instrumental evacuation

    Lamivudine

    Antiretroviral Drugs Tables
    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV): Treatment

  • in children

  • Dosage and Administration of Antiretroviral Drugs for Children* Tables

  • in chronic hepatitis B

  • Comparison of Drugs Commonly Used to Treat Chronic Viral Hepatitis B*Tables
    Chronic Hepatitis: HBV

    Lamotrigine

  • in bipolar disorder

  • Selected Drugs for Bipolar DisorderTables

  • during breastfeeding

  • Drugs Contraindicated for Breastfeeding Mothers Tables

  • in seizures

  • Drugs Used in Seizure Disorders*Tables

    Langer-Giedion syndrome

    Examples of Contiguous Gene SyndromesTables

    Langerhans' cell

    Components of the Immune System: Antigen-Presenting Cells

    Langerhans' cell histiocytosis (granulomatosis)

    Tumors of Bones and Joints: Characteristic findings
    The Histiocytic SyndromesTables
    Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis

  • pulmonary

  • Pulmonary Langerhans' Cell Histiocytosis

    Language

  • development of

  • Development: Language development

  • autism and

  • Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD): Symptoms and Signs

  • dyslexia and

  • Learning Disabilities: Symptoms and Signs

  • loss of

  • Aphasia

    Lanreotide

    Gigantism and Acromegaly: Treatment

    Lansoprazole

    Some Oral Drugs for DyspepsiaTables
    Drug Treatment of Gastric Acidity: Proton pump inhibitors
    Proton Pump InhibitorsTables

  • in gastroesophageal reflux disease

  • Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Treatment

  • in Helicobacter pylori infection

  • Helicobacter pylori Infection: Treatment

    Lanthanum carbonate

    Medical Aspects of Long-Term Renal Replacement Therapy: Hyperphosphatemia

    Laparoscopy

    Laparoscopy

  • in appendicitis

  • Appendicitis: Diagnosis

  • in gynecologic evaluation

  • General Gynecologic Evaluation: Testing

    Laparotomy

    Foreign Bodies: Gastric and intestinal foreign bodies

    Large-for-gestational-age infant

    Level of intrauterine growth based on birth weight and gestational age of liveborn, single, white infants. Figures
    Large-for-Gestational-Age (LGA) Infant

    Large intestine

    see Colon

    Larsen's syndrome

    Hip, Leg, and Foot Abnormalities: Knee dislocation

    Larva migrans

    Cutaneous Larva Migrans
    Hookworm Infection: Symptoms and Signs

  • ocular

  • Toxocariasis

  • visceral

  • Toxocariasis

    Laryngeal mask airway

    Airway Establishment and Control: Airway and Respiratory Devices

    Laryngectomy

    Laryngeal Cancer: Treatment

    Laryngitis

    Laryngitis

    Laryngoceles

    Laryngoceles

    Laryngoscopy

    Laryngeal Disorders

  • in epiglottitis

  • Epiglottitis: Diagnosis

  • in smoke inhalation

  • Smoke InhalationSidebars

    Laryngospasm

    Some Causes of StridorTables

    Laryngotracheobronchitis

    Parainfluenza Virus Infections
    Croup

    Larynx

  • cancer of

  • Laryngeal Cancer

  • evaginations of

  • Laryngoceles

  • inflammation of

  • Laryngitis

  • spastic dystonia of

  • Dystonias: Focal dystonias

  • tumors of

  • Benign Tumors

  • ulcers of

  • Contact Ulcers

  • visualization of

  • Laryngeal Disorders

    Laser peripheral iridotomy

    Angle-Closure Glaucoma: Acute angle-closure glaucoma

    Laser trabeculoplasty

    Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma: Surgery

    LASIK (laser in situ keratomileusis)

    Refractive Surgery: Laser In Situ Keratomileusis (LASIK)

    Lassa fever

    Selected Viruses That Infect Humans* Tables
    Arbovirus, Arenavirus, and Filovirus Diseases Tables
    Arboviridae, Arenaviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Filoviridae
    Lassa Fever

    Latanoprost

    Drugs Used to Treat GlaucomaTables

    Lateral epicondylitis

    Lateral Epicondylitis

    Lateral sclerosis

    Motor Neuron Disorders: Primary lateral sclerosis and progressive pseudobulbar palsy

    Latetalol

    β -Blockers for HypertensionTables

    Latex agglutination test

    Acute Bacterial Meningitis: Diagnosis

  • in neonatal sepsis

  • Neonatal Sepsis: Other tests for infection and inflammation

    Latex allergy

    Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Insulin
    Latex SensitivitySidebars

    Latrodectism

    Spider Bites: Symptoms and Signs
    Spider Bites: Treatment

    Laurence-Moon syndrome

    Male Hypogonadism in Children: Secondary

    Lavage

  • bronchoalveolar

  • Bronchoscopy: Procedure

  • in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

  • Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis: Bronchoalveolar lavage

  • in pneumonia

  • Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia: Diagnosis

  • in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

  • Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: Diagnosis

  • in sarcoidosis

  • Sarcoidosis: Disease severity assessment

  • gastric

  • in poisoning

  • General Principles of Poisoning: Gastric emptying

  • nasogastric

  • GI Bleeding: Testing

  • whole lung

  • in pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

  • Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis: Treatment

  • in silicosis

  • Silicosis: Treatment

    Laxatives

    Agents Used to Treat ConstipationTables
    Constipation: Types of laxatives

  • abuse of

  • Diarrhea: Testing
    Drug- and Chemical-Related Gastroenteritis
    Disorders of Potassium Concentration: Drugs
    Causes of Metabolic AlkalosisTables

  • for children

  • Constipation: Treatment

  • for dying patient

  • Symptom Control in the Dying: Constipation

  • for elderly

  • High-Risk Drugs in the Elderly (Based on Beers Criteria) Tables

  • porphyria and

  • Drugs and Porphyria*Tables

    Lazarus sign

    Brain Death: Prognosis

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