 |
|
Spanking
|  |
Behavioral Problems due to Parenting Problems
|
 |
|
Spasm(s)
|  |
|
 |
|
anus
|  |
Anal
Fissure
|
 |
|
artery
|  |
Functional
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Acrocyanosis
|
 |
|
in cerebral palsy
|  |
Cerebral Palsy (CP): Symptoms
|
 |
|
diaphragm (hiccups)
|  |
Hiccups: Spasms of the Diaphragm
|
 |
|
esophagus
|  |
Abnormal
Propulsion of Food: Esophageal
Spasm
|
 |
|
eyelid (blepharospasm)
|  |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental
Dystonias
|
 |
|
face
|  |
Hemifacial
Spasm
|
 |
|
hand
|  |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental
Dystonias
|
 |
|
in heat cramps
|  |
Heat
Cramps
|
 |
|
in Huntington's disease
|  |
Huntington's
Disease
|
 |
|
infantile
|  |
Seizures in
Children: Infantile
Spasms
|
 |
|
intestine
|  |
|
 |
|
in diverticulosis
|  |
Diverticulosis: Cause
|
 |
|
in irritable bowel syndrome
|  |
Irritable
Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
|
 |
|
muscle (tetany)
|  |
Calcium: Symptoms
|
 |
|
neck
|  |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental
Dystonias
|
 |
|
in neuroblastoma
|  |
What Are Paraneoplastic Syndromes?
|
 |
|
in rabies
|  |
Rabies: Symptoms
|
 |
|
rectal
|  |
Levator
Syndrome
|
 |
|
ureteral
|  |
Kidney
Infection (Pyelonephritis): Symptoms
|
 |
|
vagina (vaginismus)
|  |
Vaginismus
|
 |
|
in vitamin D deficiency
|  |
Vitamin D: Symptoms
|
 |
|
vocal cord (spasmodic dysphonia)
|  |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental
Dystonias
|
 |
|
Spasmodic dysphonia
|  |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental
Dystonias
|
 |
|
Spasmodic torticollis
|  |
Disorders That Cause Only Neck Pain
Neck
Pain: Treatment
|
 |
|
Spastic colon (irritable bowel syndrome)
|  |
Irritable
Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
|
 |
|
Spastic paraparesis
|  |
Tropical
Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1–Associated Myelopathy
|
 |
|
hereditary
|  |
Hereditary
Spastic Paraparesis
|
 |
|
tropical
|  |
Other
Primary Demyelinating Diseases: Tropical
Spastic Paraparesis
|
 |
|
Special K (ketamine)
|  |
Ketamine
|
 |
|
Specificity, of test
|  |
Medical
Testing Decisions: Performing
Tests and Interpreting Results
|
 |
|
SPECT
|  |
see Single photon emission computed tomography
|
 |
|
Spectinomycin
|  |
Antibiotics
|
 |
|
Spectroscopy
|  |
|
 |
|
magnetic resonance
|  |
Magnetic
Resonance Imaging: Magnetic
Resonance Spectroscopy
|
 |
|
Speech
|  |
|
 |
|
in autism
|  |
Autism
Spectrum Disorders: Language
|
 |
|
in brain injury
|  |
Specific Types of Dysfunction: Aphasia
Testing a Person With Aphasia
|
 |
|
disorders of
|  |
|
 |
|
in children
|  |
Communication
Disorders
|
 |
|
rehabilitation for
|  |
Specific Problems: Speech
Disorders
|
 |
|
in dysarthria
|  |
Coordination
Disorders: Symptoms
|
 |
|
without vocal cords
|  |
Speech Without Vocal Cords
|
 |
|
scanning
|  |
Coordination
Disorders: Symptoms
|
 |
|
in schizophrenia
|  |
Schizophrenia: Categories
|
 |
|
in spasmodic dysphonia
|  |
Dystonia: Focal and Segmental
Dystonias
|
 |
|
in stroke
|  |
Specific Problems: Speech
Disorders
Stroke (CVA): Symptoms
|
 |
|
in Tourette's syndrome
|  |
Tics: Symptoms
|
 |
|
Speech reading
|  |
Hearing Loss and Deafness: Other Means of Coping With Hearing Loss
|
 |
|
Speech threshold audiometry
|  |
Hearing Loss and Deafness: Diagnosis
|
 |
|
Speed (methamphetamine)
|  |
Amphetamines
|
 |
|
Spells
|  |
see Seizures
|
 |
|
Sperm
|  |
Biology
of the Male Reproductive System
|
 |
|
donor
|  |
Problems
With Sperm: Treatment
|
 |
|
infertility-related problems with
|  |
Problems
With Sperm
What Causes Infertility in Men?
|
 |
|
intracytoplasmic injection of
|  |
Assisted
Reproductive Techniques: Intracytoplasmic
Sperm Injection
|
 |
|
sac of (spermatocele)
|  |
Swelling
in the Scrotum: Spermatocele
|
 |
|
Spermatocele
|  |
Swelling
in the Scrotum: Spermatocele
|
 |
|
Spermicides
|  |
Contraception: Spermicides
|
 |
|
Sphenoid sinus
|  |
Nose and Sinuses
A Look Inside the Nose and Throat
|
 |
|
Spherocytosis
|  |
|
 |
|
hereditary
|  |
Anemia
in the Newborn
|
 |
|
Spherocytosis, hereditary
|  |
More About Some Causes of Anemia

|
 |
|
Sphincter(s)
|  |
|
 |
|
anal
|  |
Rectum and Anus
Anal and Rectal Disorders
|
 |
|
exercises for
|  |
Symptoms: Treatment
|
 |
|
spasm of
|  |
Anal
Fissure
|
 |
|
esophageal
|  |
Throat and Esophagus
How the Esophagus Works
Esophageal
Disorders
|
 |
|
in achalasia
|  |
Abnormal
Propulsion of Food: Achalasia
|
 |
|
incoordination of
|  |
Abnormal
Propulsion of Food: Propulsion
Disorders of the Throat
|
 |
|
Sphincter of Oddi
|  |
Digestive System
View of the Liver and Gallbladder
Gallbladder
and Biliary Tract
|
 |
|
abnormal function of
|  |
Cholecystitis: Pain After Surgery
|
 |
|
Sphincterotomy, in gallstones
|  |
Gallstones: Gallstones in
the Bile Ducts
|
 |
|
Sphingomyelin, accumulation of (Niemann-Pick disease)
|  |
Disorders of Lipid
Metabolism: Niemann-Pick
Disease
|
 |
|
Sphygmomanometer
|  |
Measuring Blood Pressure
|
 |
|
Spider angioma
|  |
Growths
and Malformations of the Vessels: Spider
Angiomas
|
 |
|
during pregnancy
|  |
Physical
Changes: Skin
|
 |
|
Spider bites
|  |
Spider
Bites
|
 |
|
Spider veins
|  |
Varicose
Veins
Varicose
Veins: Injection Therapy
(Sclerotherapy)
|
 |
|
in ataxia-telangiectasia
|  |
Ataxia-Telangiectasia
|
 |
|
radiation therapy and
|  |
Radiation Injury: Local Radiation
Injury
|
 |
|
Spina bifida
|  |
Birth Defects: Nutrition
Brain
and Spinal Cord Defects: Neural Tube
Defects
Spina Bifida: A Defect of the Spine
|
 |
|
information resources on
|  |
S
|
 |
|
prenatal testing for
|  |
Genetic Disorders Detection: Neural
Tube Defects
|
 |
|
Spinal anesthesia, in labor and delivery
|  |
Labor: Pain
Relief
|
 |
|
Spinal column
|  |
see Spine; Vertebrae
|
 |
|
Spinal cord
|  |
|
 |
|
age-associated changes in
|  |
Effects
of Aging: Spinal Cord
|
 |
|
biology of
|  |
Spinal
Cord
How the Spine Is Organized
Spinal Cord Disorders
Spinal Cord Disorders
To and From and Up and Down the Spinal Cord
|
 |
|
biopsy of
|  |
Spinal
Cord Tumors: Diagnosis
|
 |
|
birth defects of
|  |
Genetic Disorders Detection: Neural
Tube Defects
Brain
and Spinal Cord Defects
Spina Bifida: A Defect of the Spine
|
 |
|
blood flow to, interruption of
|  |
Blockage
of the Spinal Cord's Blood Supply
|
 |
|
compression of
|  |
Compression
of the Spinal Cord
What Is the Cauda Equina Syndrome?
|
 |
|
back pain and
|  |
Low
Back Pain: Causes
|
 |
|
in cancer
|  |
Some Complications of Cancer
|
 |
|
in cervical spondylosis
|  |
Cervical
Spondylosis
|
 |
|
in disk disease
|  |
A Herniated Disk
Low
Back Pain: Causes
Low
Back Pain: Pain Due to
Compression of a Spinal Nerve Root
Low
Back Pain: Treatment
|
 |
|
damage to
|  |
see Spinal cord, injury to
|
 |
|
degeneration of
|  |
Subacute
Combined Degeneration
|
 |
|
demyelination of
|  |
Multiple
Sclerosis (MS) and Related Disorders
|
 |
|
infection of
|  |
Infections
of the Brain and Spinal Cord
Common Infections That Can Cause Meningitis
|
 |
|
human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I
|  |
Other
Primary Demyelinating Diseases: Tropical
Spastic Paraparesis
|
 |
|
rabies
|  |
Rabies
Who Should Receive a Rabies Vaccine?
|
 |
|
inflammation of (transverse myelitis)
|  |
Acute
Transverse Myelitis
|
 |
|
injury to
|  |
Where Is the Spinal Cord Damaged?
Injuries
of the Spinal Cord and Vertebrae
|
 |
|
in decompression sickness
|  |
Decompression
Sickness: Type II (More
Severe)
|
 |
|
information resources on
|  |
S
|
 |
|
in newborn
|  |
Birth
Injury: Nerve
Injury
|
 |
|
radiation-related
|  |
Radiation Injury: Local Radiation
Injury
|
 |
|
rehabilitation after
|  |
Specific Problems: Spinal
Injuries
|
 |
|
symptoms of
|  |
Where Is the Spinal Cord Damaged?
Spinal Cord Disorders: Symptoms
|
 |
|
lipoma of
|  |
Brain
and Spinal Cord Defects: Neural Tube
Defects
|
 |
|
nerve degeneration in
|  |
Spinal
Muscular Atrophies
|
 |
|
nerve roots of
|  |
How the Spine Is Organized
Nerves: Cranial and Spinal
Nerves
|
 |
|
syphilis of
|  |
Syphilis: Tertiary (Third)
Stage
|
 |
|
syrinx of
|  |
Syrinx
|
 |
|
tumors of
|  |
Spinal
Cord Tumors
Tumors That Originate in or Near the Spinal Cord
|
 |
|
viral infection of
|  |
Central
Nervous System Infections
|
 |
|
in vitamin B12 deficiency
|  |
Subacute
Combined Degeneration
|
 |
|
x-ray of
|  |
Procedures: Myelography
|
 |
|
Spinal fluid
|  |
see Cerebrospinal fluid
|
 |
|
Spinal muscular atrophy
|  |
Spinal
Muscular Atrophies
|
 |
|
Spinal nerves
|  |
Nerves: Cranial and Spinal
Nerves
Spinal Cord Disorders
To and From and Up and Down the Spinal Cord
|
 |
|
compression of
|  |
Low
Back Pain: Pain Due to
Compression of a Spinal Nerve Root
|
 |
|
degeneration of
|  |
Spinal
Muscular Atrophies
|
 |
|
Spinal stenosis
|  |
Low
Back Pain: Causes
Low
Back Pain: Pain Due to
Compression of a Spinal Nerve Root
Low
Back Pain: Pain Due to
Compression of a Spinal Nerve Root
Low
Back Pain: Treatment
|
 |
|
Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)
|  |
Procedures: Spinal
Tap
How a Spinal Tap Is Done
Diagnostic Procedures
|
 |
|
in bacterial meningitis
|  |
Acute
Bacterial Meningitis: Diagnosis
Meningitis: Symptoms and
Diagnosis
|
 |
|
in brain tumor
|  |
Brain
Tumors: Diagnosis
Brain
Tumors: Diagnosis
|
 |
|
in encephalitis
|  |
Central
Nervous System Infections: Diagnosis
|
 |
|
headache after
|  |
Low-Pressure
Headache
|
 |
|
in infants and young children
|  |
Fever: Diagnosis and
Treatment
Central
Nervous System Infections: Diagnosis
|
 |
|
in multiple sclerosis
|  |
Multiple
Sclerosis (MS): Diagnosis
|
 |
|
in newborn
|  |
Sepsis
in the Newborn: Symptoms and
Diagnosis
|
 |
|
in papilledema
|  |
Papilledema: Diagnosis
|
 |
|
in stroke
|  |
Ischemic
Stroke: Diagnosis
|
 |
|
in tuberculous meningitis
|  |
Tuberculosis: Diagnosis
|
 |
|
Spine
|  |
see also Spinal cord
Low
Back Pain
|
 |
|
age-associated changes in
|  |
Changes
in the Body: Bones
and Joints
|
 |
|
arthritis of
|  |
Joint Disorders: Symptoms
|
 |
|
biology of
|  |
How the Spine Is Organized
|
 |
|
curvature of
|  |
Scoliosis
Scoliosis: A Curved Spine
|
 |
|
in Scheuermann disease
|  |
Kyphosis
Kyphosis: A Humpback
|
 |
|
fracture of
|  |
Osteoporosis: Symptoms
Osteoporosis: Treatment of
Fractures
Compression Fractures
of the Spine
|
 |
|
inflammation of (ankylosing spondylitis)
|  |
Other
Types of Inflammatory Arthritis: Ankylosing
Spondylitis
Low
Back Pain: Causes
|
 |
|
osteoarthritis of
|  |
Low
Back Pain: Causes
|
 |
|
osteoporosis of
|  |
Osteoporosis: Symptoms
Low
Back Pain: Causes
|
 |
|
stenosis of
|  |
Low
Back Pain: Causes
Low
Back Pain: Pain Due to
Compression of a Spinal Nerve Root
Low
Back Pain: Treatment
|
 |
|
Spirituality
|  |
Acceptance
|
 |
|
aging and
|  |
Staying Connected: Spirituality
and Religion
|
 |
|
Spirochetes
|  |
|
 |
|
infection with
|  |
see also Syphilis
Bejel, Yaws,
and Pinta
Leptospirosis
Syphilis
|
 |
|
Spirometry
|  |
Diagnosis: Pulmonary
Function Testing (PFT)
Diagnosis: Lung Volume and Flow Rate Measurements
Using a Spirometer
Diagnostic Procedures
|
 |
|
in COPD
|  |
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Diagnosis
|
 |
|
incentive
|  |
Chest
Physical Therapy: Breathing
Exercises
|
 |
|
Spironolactone
|  |
Hyperaldosteronism: Symptoms and
Diagnosis
|
 |
|
in polycystic ovary syndrome
|  |
Polycystic
Ovary Syndrome: Treatment
|
 |
|
Spitting up (regurgitation)
|  |
Symptoms: Regurgitation
Feeding
Problems: Spitting
Up
Gastroesophageal Reflux
|
 |
|
in infants
|  |
Feeding
|
 |
|
Spleen
|  |
Spleen
Disorders
Viewing the Spleen
Lymphatic System: Helping Defend Against Infection
|
 |
|
abscess of
|  |
Abdominal
Abscesses: Causes and Symptoms
|
 |
|
absence of
|  |
Spleen
Disorders and Immunodeficiency
|
 |
|
disorders of
|  |
Spleen
Disorders
|
 |
|
enlargement of
|  |
Enlarged
Spleen
Causes of an Enlarged Spleen
|
 |
|
anemia with
|  |
More About Some Causes of Anemia

|
 |
|
in Epstein-Barr virus infection
|  |
Epstein-Barr
Virus (EBV) Infection: Symptoms and
Complications
|
 |
|
in myelofibrosis
|  |
Myelofibrosis: Symptoms, Complications,
and Diagnosis
|
 |
|
in polycythemia
|  |
Polycythemia
Vera: Symptoms and
Complications
|
 |
|
in portal hypertension
|  |
Portal
Hypertension: Symptoms and Diagnosis
|
 |
|
in rheumatoid arthritis
|  |
Rheumatoid
Arthritis (RA): Blood Tests
|
 |
|
in sickle cell disease
|  |
Sickle
Cell Disease: Complications
|
 |
|
radiation effects on
|  |
Radiation Injury: Acute Radiation
Illness
|
 |
|
removal of
|  |
Spleen
Disorders
Enlarged
Spleen: Treatment
|
 |
|
in autoimmune hemolytic anemia
|  |
Autoimmune
Hemolytic Anemia: Treatment
|
 |
|
in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
|  |
Thrombocytopenia (ITP,
TTP): Treatment
|
 |
|
rupture of
|  |
Spleen
Injury
|
 |
|
Splenectomy
|  |
see Spleen, removal of
|
 |
|
Splenic arteries
|  |
Occlusive
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Superior Mesenteric
Artery
Occlusive
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Hepatic and
Splenic Arteries
Occlusive
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Superior Mesenteric
Artery
Occlusive
Peripheral Arterial Disease: Hepatic and
Splenic Arteries
|
 |
|
Splenomegaly
|  |
see Spleen, enlargement of
|
 |
|
Splint
|  |
Commonly Used Splints
Fractures: Immobilization
|
 |
|
in burn injury
|  |
Burns: Deep Minor Burns
|
 |
|
in temporomandibular joint disorders
|  |
Temporomandibular Disorders : Muscle Pain
and Tightness
|
 |
|
Splitting, as defense mechanism
|  |
Common Coping Mechanisms
|
 |
|
Spondylitis, ankylosing
|  |
Other
Types of Inflammatory Arthritis: Ankylosing
Spondylitis
Low
Back Pain: Causes
|
 |
|
Spondyloarthropathies
|  |
Other
Types of Inflammatory Arthritis
|
 |
|
Spondylolisthesis
|  |
Low
Back Pain: Causes
|
 |
|
Spondylosis
|  |
|
 |
|
cervical
|  |
Disorders That Cause Only Neck Pain
|
 |
|
Spondylosis, cervical
|  |
Cervical
Spondylosis
|
 |
|
Sponge, contraceptive
|  |
How Effective Is Contraception?
Comparing Contraceptive Methods
Contraception: Contraceptive
Sponge
|
 |
|
Spongiform encephalopathies (prion diseases)
|  |
Prion
Diseases
Of Sheep and Cows
|
 |
|
SPONK (spontaneous osteonecrosis of the knee)
|  |
Osteonecrosis: Causes
|
 |
|
Spontaneous pneumothorax
|  |
Pneumothorax
|
 |
|
Spore
|  |
Fungal
Infections
|
 |
|
Sporotrichosis
|  |
Sporotrichosis
|
 |
|
Sports
|  |
|
 |
|
participation in
|  |
|
 |
|
screening for
|  |
Starting an Exercise
Program: Screening
for Sports Participation
|
 |
|
Sports injuries
|  |
Sports
Injuries
Children and Sports Injuries
|
 |
|
Achilles tendinitis
|  |
Lower Leg Injuries: Achilles
Tendinitis
|
 |
|
foot fracture
|  |
Lower Leg Injuries: Stress
Fractures of the Foot
What Is a Stress Fracture?
|
 |
|
hamstring injury
|  |
Hamstring
Injury
Strengthening the Hamstrings
|
 |
|
rotator cuff tendinitis
|  |
Shoulder
Injuries: Rotator
Cuff Injury
|
 |
|
runner's knee (patellofemoral stress syndrome)
|  |
When the Front of the Knee Hurts
|
 |
|
shin splints
|  |
Lower Leg Injuries: Shin
Splints
Shin Splints
|
 |
|
tennis elbow
|  |
Elbow
Injuries: Lateral
Epicondylitis
When the Elbow Hurts
Strengthening the Wrist Muscles
|
 |
|
Spotted fever
|  |
Rocky
Mountain Spotted Fever
|
 |
|
Sprain
|  |
|
 |
|
ankle
|  |
Lower Leg Injuries: Ankle
Sprain
Spraining an Ankle
|
 |
|
first aid for
|  |
Soft
Tissue Injuries
Commonly Used Splints
|
 |
|
knee
|  |
Knee
Injuries: Knee
Sprains and Meniscal Injuries
|
 |
|
sports-related
|  |
Sports
Injuries: Sprains
and Strains
|
 |
|
washerwomans (De Quervains syndrome)
|  |
Tendinitis
and Tenosynovitis: De
Quervain's Syndrome
|
 |
|
Spray and stretch exercise, in temporomandibular joint disorders
|  |
Physical Therapy for Jaw Muscles
|
 |
|
Spring-summer hypomania
|  |
What Is Seasonal Affective Disorder?
|
 |
|
Sprue
|  |
|
 |
|
nontropical (celiac disease)
|  |
Mouth Sores: Inflammatory disorders
Celiac
Sprue
|
 |
|
tropical
|  |
Tropical
Sprue
|
 |
|
Spur, heel
|  |
What Is a Heel Spur?
Plantar
Fasciosis: Diagnosis
|
 |
|
Sputum
|  |
see Phlegm
|