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THE MERCK MANUAL MEDICAL LIBRARY: The Merck Manual of Medical Information--Home Edition
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An

Anabolic steroids

see also Androgens
Anabolic Steroids

  • in adolescents

  • Drug and Substance Use and Abuse: Other Substances

    Anaerobes

    Bacterial Infections: Classification
    Bacteria in the BodySidebar
    What Are Clostridia?Sidebar

    Anaerobic

  • exrecise

  • Starting an Exercise Program: Strength Training

    Anaerobic exercise

    Choosing the Right Exercise: Strength Training

    Anaerobic infections

    see specific infections

    Anagrelide

  • in polycythemia vera

  • Polycythemia Vera: Prognosis and Treatment

  • in thrombocythemia

  • Thrombocythemia: Treatment

    Anakinra

  • in rheumatoid arthritis

  • Drugs Used to Treat Rheumatoid ArthritisTables
    Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Immunosuppressive Drugs

    Analgesics

    Treatment

  • adjuvant

  • Treatment: Adjuvant Analgesics

  • in common cold

  • Nonprescription Cold RemediesTables

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • in labor and delivery

  • Drug Use During Pregnancy: Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery
    Labor: Pain Relief

  • in migraine headache

  • Drugs Used to Treat MigrainesTables

  • nonopioid

  • Treatment: Nonopioid Analgesics
    How Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs WorkSidebar

  • opioid

  • Treatment: Opioid Analgesics
    Opioid AnalgesicsTables

  • patient-controlled

  • Treatment: Administration
    Surgery: Hospitalization

  • postoperative

  • Surgery: Hospitalization

    Anaphylactic reactions

    Allergic Reactions: Symptoms
    Anaphylactic Reactions

  • vs. anaphylactoid reactions

  • Anaphylactoid Versus AnaphylacticSidebar

  • exercise-induced

  • Exercise-Induced Allergic Reactions

  • in food allergy

  • Food Allergy: Symptoms

  • in selective IgA deficiency

  • Selective Immunoglobulin Deficiency: Selective IgA deficiency

  • treatment of

  • Allergic Reactions: Emergency Treatment
    Anaphylactic Reactions: Prevention and Treatment

    Anaphylactoid reactions

    Anaphylactoid Versus AnaphylacticSidebar

  • in mastocytosis

  • Mastocytosis: Symptoms

    Anastomosis, ileo-anal

    Ulcerative Colitis: Surgery

    Anastrozole

    Chemotherapy DrugsTables
    Breast Cancer: Drugs

    Anatomy

    The Human Body
    Inside the TorsoFigures

  • adenoids

  • Locating the Tonsils and AdenoidsFigures

  • adrenal glands

  • Adrenal Gland Disorders
    A Close Look at the Adrenal GlandsFigures

  • anus

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Rectum and Anus
    Anal and Rectal Disorders

  • aorta

  • Where Do Aortic Aneurysms Occur?Figures

  • appendix

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Large Intestine

  • bile ducts

  • View of the Liver and GallbladderFigures
    Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

  • biliary tract

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

  • bladder

  • Viewing the Urinary TractFigures
    Bladder

  • bones

  • Bones
    Musculoskeletal SystemFigures

  • brain

  • Brain
    Viewing the BrainFigures

  • breast

  • Inside the BreastFigures

  • bursas

  • Tendons and Bursas

  • digestive system

  • Biology of the Digestive System
    Digestive SystemFigures

  • disease and

  • Anatomy and Disease

  • duodenum

  • Small Intestine

  • ear

  • Ears
    A Look Inside the EarFigures

  • endocrine system

  • Endocrine Glands
    Major Endocrine GlandsFigures
    Major Hormones Tables

  • esophagus

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Throat and Esophagus

  • eye

  • Structure and Function
    An Inside Look at the EyeFigures
    Structures That Protect the EyeFigures

  • gallbladder

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Gallbladder and Biliary Tract
    View of the Liver and GallbladderFigures
    Gallbladder and Biliary Tract

  • heart

  • Heart
    A Look Into the HeartFigures
    Supplying the Heart With BloodFigures

  • electrical pathway and

  • Abnormal Heart Rhythms: Normal Electrical Pathway

  • ileum

  • Small Intestine

  • jejunum

  • Small Intestine

  • joints

  • Joints
    Inside the KneeFigures

  • kidney

  • Kidneys
    Viewing the Urinary TractFigures
    Kidney's Blood SupplyFigures

  • large intestine

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Large Intestine

  • ligaments

  • Ligaments

  • liver

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Liver
    View of the Liver and GallbladderFigures
    Liver

  • lung

  • Inside the Lungs and AirwaysFigures

  • lymphatic system

  • Lymphatic System: Helping Defend Against InfectionFigures

  • mouth

  • Biology of the Mouth
    A View of the MouthFigures

  • muscles

  • Muscles
    Musculoskeletal SystemFigures

  • nerve roots

  • How the Spine Is OrganizedFigures

  • nervous system

  • Biology of the Nervous System
    Viewing the BrainFigures
    How the Spine Is OrganizedFigures
    Typical Structure of a Nerve CellFigures

  • nose and sinuses

  • Nose and Sinuses
    A Look Inside the Nose and ThroatFigures
    Locating the SinusesFigures

  • optic nerve

  • Optic Nerve Disorders
    Visual Pathways and the Consequences of DamageFigures

  • pancreas

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Pancreas
    Pancreatitis
    Locating the PancreasFigures
    View of the Liver and GallbladderFigures

  • pituitary gland

  • Pituitary Gland Disorders
    Pituitary: The Master GlandFigures

  • pleura

  • Pleural Disorders
    Two Views of the PleuraFigures

  • rectum

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Rectum and Anus
    Anal and Rectal Disorders

  • reproductive system

  • female

  • External Genital Organs
    External Female Genital OrgansFigures
    Internal Female Genital OrgansFigures

  • male

  • Biology of the Male Reproductive System
    Male Reproductive OrgansFigures

  • retina

  • Retinal Disorders
    Viewing the RetinaFigures

  • salivary glands

  • Salivary Gland Disorders
    Locating the Major Salivary GlandsFigures

  • skin

  • Biology of the Skin
    Getting Under the SkinFigures

  • small intestine

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Small Intestine

  • spinal cord

  • Spinal Cord
    How the Spine Is OrganizedFigures

  • spleen

  • Spleen Disorders
    Viewing the SpleenFigures

  • stomach

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Stomach

  • temporomandibular joint

  • Temporomandibular Disorders
    Locating the Temporomandibular JointFigures

  • tendons

  • Tendons and Bursas

  • throat

  • Digestive SystemFigures
    Throat and Esophagus
    Throat and Esophagus
    A Look Inside the Nose and ThroatFigures
    Throat

  • thyroid gland

  • Thyroid Gland Disorders
    Locating the Thyroid GlandFigures

  • tonsils

  • Locating the Tonsils and AdenoidsFigures

  • tooth

  • Biology of the Mouth

  • ureter

  • Viewing the Urinary TractFigures
    Ureters

  • urethra

  • Viewing the Urinary TractFigures
    Urethra

  • urinary tract

  • Biology of the Kidneys and Urinary Tract
    Viewing the Urinary TractFigures

    Ancylostoma duodenale infection (hookworm)

    Hookworm Infection
    Life Cycle of the HookwormFigures

    Ancylostomiasis

    Hookworm Infection
    Life Cycle of the HookwormFigures

    Andersen's disease

    Types and Characteristics of Glycogen Storage DiseasesTables

    Androgens

  • deficiency of, in children

  • Genital Defects: Male Genital Defects

  • excess of

  • Virilization

  • in female

  • Biology of the Female Reproductive System

  • in hair growth

  • Hair Disorders

  • in hirsutism

  • Hirsutism and Hypertrichosis: Hirsutism

    Anemia(s)

    Components of Blood: Red Blood Cells
    Symptoms
    Anemia

  • angina in

  • Angina: Causes

  • aplastic

  • Aplastic Anemia: When the Bone Marrow Shuts DownSidebar

  • autoimmune

  • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
    Some Autoimmune Disorders Tables

  • with cancer treatment

  • Chemotherapy: Low Blood Cell Counts

  • causes of

  • Anemia: Causes
    Common Causes of Anemia Tables
    More About Some Causes of Anemia Tables

  • in chronic disease

  • Anemia: Causes
    Common Causes of Anemia Tables
    Anemia of Chronic Disease

  • in decreased red blood cell production

  • Anemia: Causes
    Common Causes of Anemia Tables
    Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • drug-related

  • Some Serious Adverse Drug Reactions Tables

  • in excessive bleeding

  • Common Causes of Anemia Tables
    Anemia Due to Excessive Bleeding

  • in fetus

  • Rh Incompatibility

  • in folic acid deficiency

  • Folate: Symptoms
    Vitamin Deficiency Anemia

  • in gastritis

  • Gastritis: Symptoms and Complications

  • heart failure with

  • Heart Failure: Systolic Dysfunction

  • in hemoglobin abnormalities

  • Sickle Cell Disease

  • hemolytic

  • Anemia: Causes
    Common Causes of Anemia Tables
    More About Some Causes of Anemia Tables

  • autoimmune

  • Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
    Some Autoimmune Disorders Tables

  • in HIV infection

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection: Symptoms

  • in Hodgkin lymphoma

  • Symptoms of Hodgkin LymphomaTables

  • in hookworm infection

  • Hookworm Infection: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • in increased red blood cell destruction

  • Common Causes of Anemia Tables
    More About Some Causes of Anemia Tables
    Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia

  • in increased red blood cell production

  • Anemia: Causes

  • iron deficiency

  • Obstruction: Esophageal Webs
    Iron: Iron Deficiency
    Iron Deficiency Anemia

  • in kidney failure

  • Chronic Kidney Failure: Treatment

  • in leukemia

  • Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL): Treatment

  • in macroglobulinemia

  • Macroglobulinemia: Symptoms and Complications

  • in multiple myeloma

  • Multiple Myeloma: Treatment and Prognosis

  • in myelofibrosis

  • Myelofibrosis: Symptoms, Complications, and Diagnosis

  • in newborn

  • Anemia in the Newborn
    What Is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?Sidebar

  • in non-Hodgkin lymphoma

  • Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas: Symptoms
    Symptoms of Non-Hodgkin LymphomaTables

  • in older people

  • Spotlight on AgingSidebar

  • oral discoloration with

  • Color Changes in the MouthSidebar
    Tongue Disorders: Discoloration

  • in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

  • More About Some Causes of Anemia Tables

  • pernicious

  • Some Autoimmune Disorders Tables

  • during pregnancy

  • Physical Changes: Heart and Blood Flow
    Self-Care: Drugs and Dietary Supplements
    Anemia During Pregnancy

  • radiation injury and

  • Radiation Injury: Acute Radiation Illness

  • shortness of breath in

  • Symptoms: Anemia

  • in sickle cell disease

  • Sickle Cell Disease
    Red Blood Cell ShapesFigures

  • spleen enlargement and

  • More About Some Causes of Anemia Tables

  • in stomach cancer

  • Stomach Cancer: Symptoms

  • in thalassemia

  • Thalassemias

  • in vitamin B12 deficiency

  • Vitamin B12: Vitamin B12 Deficiency
    Vitamin Deficiency Anemia

    Anencephaly

    Genetic Disorders Detection: Neural Tube Defects
    Brain and Spinal Cord Defects: Neural Tube Defects

    Anesthesia

    Administration: Inhalation
    Surgery: Anesthesia

  • muscle sensitivity to

  • Genetic Makeup

    Anesthetics

  • in labor and delivery

  • Drug Use During Pregnancy: Drugs Used During Labor and Delivery
    Labor: Pain Relief

  • local

  • Treatment: Anesthetics

  • for mouth sores

  • Mouth Sores: Treatment

  • topical

  • Treatment: Anesthetics

    Aneurysm

  • aortic

  • Aneurysms
    Where Do Aortic Aneurysms Occur?Figures

  • in Marfan syndrome

  • Marfan Syndrome

  • screening for

  • Selected Screening Schedule for AdultsTables

  • in syphilis

  • Syphilis: Tertiary (Third) Stage

  • cerebral artery

  • Aneurysms: Aneurysms in Other Arteries

  • coma with

  • Some Causes of Stupor and Coma Tables

  • in polycystic kidney disease

  • Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Symptoms and Complications

  • rupture of

  • Hemorrhagic Stroke: Causes

  • treatment of

  • Hemorrhagic Stroke: Treatment

  • coronary artery, in Kawasaki disease

  • What Is Kawasaki Disease?Sidebar

  • dissecting

  • Aortic Dissection
    Understanding Aortic DissectionFigures

  • femoral artery

  • Aneurysms: Aneurysms in Other Arteries

  • of heart

  • Complications of a Heart AttackSidebar

  • popliteal artery

  • Aneurysms: Aneurysms in Other Arteries

    Aneurysmal bone cyst

    Other Bone Abnormalities: Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

    Angel dust (phencyclidine)

    Phencyclidine

    Angina

    Understanding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)Figures
    Coronary Artery Bypass GraftingFigures
    Angina
    Drugs Used to Treat Coronary Artery DiseaseTables

  • sexual activity and

  • Sexual Activity and Heart DiseaseSidebar

  • travel and

  • Specific Medical Conditions and Travel: Heart Disease

    Angina decubitus

    Angina: Classification

    Angioedema

    Allergic Reactions: Symptoms
    Hives and Angioedema

  • hereditary

  • Lip Disorders: Swelling
    Hereditary Angioedema: Not an AllergySidebar

    Angiofibroma

    Juvenile Angiofibroma

    Angiography (arteriography)

    Diagnosis: Cardiac Catheterization
    Angiography
    Common Types of Angiography Tables
    Diagnostic ProceduresTables

  • cerebral (brain)

  • How Imaging Tests Help in Diagnosing Nervous System DisordersTables
    Ischemic Stroke: Diagnosis
    Hemorrhagic Stroke: Diagnosis
    Common Types of Angiography Tables

  • computed tomography

  • Diagnosis: Computed Tomography
    Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Diagnosis
    How Imaging Tests Help in Diagnosing Nervous System DisordersTables
    Computed Tomography: CT Angiography

  • coronary (heart)

  • Diagnosis: Coronary Angiography
    Angina: Diagnosis
    Common Types of Angiography Tables

  • digital substraction

  • Diagnosis: Angiography of Peripheral Blood Vessels

  • digital subtraction

  • Angiography: Digital Subtraction Angiography

  • Fluorescein

  • Common Types of Angiography Tables

  • intestinal

  • Small Intestine Cancer: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • magnetic resonance

  • Diagnosis: Magnetic Resonance Imaging
    Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)

  • peripheral artery

  • Diagnosis: Angiography of Peripheral Blood Vessels
    Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease: Diagnosis
    Common Types of Angiography Tables

  • pulmonary (lung)

  • Diagnosis: Chest Imaging
    Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Diagnosis
    Common Types of Angiography Tables

  • renal (kidney)

  • Blockage of the Renal Arteries: Diagnosis

  • retinal (eye)

  • Diagnosis: Fluorescein Angiography
    Blockage of Central Retinal Arteries and Veins: Diagnosis

  • selective

  • Diagnosis: Angiography of Peripheral Blood Vessels

    Angioma

    Growths and Malformations of the Vessels
    Using Lasers to Treat Skin ProblemsSidebar

  • spider

  • Growths and Malformations of the Vessels: Spider Angiomas

  • during pregnancy

  • Physical Changes: Skin

  • in Sturge-Weber syndrome

  • Sturge-Weber Syndrome

  • in Von Hippel-Lindau disease

  • Von Hippel-Lindau Disease

    Angioplasty

    Diagnosis: Cardiac Catheterization

  • of carotid artery

  • Transient Ischemic Attacks: Treatment

  • of coronary arteries

  • Coronary Artery Disease: Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
    Understanding Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI)Figures

  • in infants

  • Heart Defects: Treatment

  • of hepatic veins

  • Budd-Chiari Syndrome: Treatment

  • of peripheral arteries

  • Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease: Treatment

  • of renal artery

  • Blockage of the Renal Arteries: Treatment

    Angiosarcoma

    Primary Liver Cancers: Other Primary Liver Cancers

    Angiotensin

    Major Hormones Tables

    Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

  • after heart attack

  • Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina): Prevention
    Acute Coronary Syndromes (Heart Attack; Myocardial Infarction; Unstable Angina): Drug Treatment

  • in coronary artery disease

  • Angina: Drug Therapy
    Drugs Used to Treat Coronary Artery DiseaseTables

  • fetal effects of

  • High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy: Treatment

  • in heart failure

  • Heart Failure: Drugs for Heart Failure
    Some Drugs Used to Treat Heart FailureTables

  • in high blood pressure

  • High Blood Pressure: Drug Therapy
    Antihypertensive DrugsTables

  • oligohydramnios with

  • Problems With Amniotic Fluid

  • during pregnancy

  • Drug Use During Pregnancy
    Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During PregnancyTables

  • urinary incontinence with

  • Drugs That May Cause or Worsen Urinary IncontinenceTables
    Some Drugs Used to Treat Urinary IncontinenceTables

    Angiotensin II

    High Blood Pressure: The Body's Control of Blood Pressure
    Regulating Blood Pressure: The Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone SystemFigures

    Angiotensin II blockers

  • in heart failure

  • Heart Failure: Drugs for Heart Failure

    Angiotensin II receptor blockers

    Drugs Used to Treat Coronary Artery DiseaseTables

  • in heart failure

  • Some Drugs Used to Treat Heart FailureTables

  • in high blood pressure

  • High Blood Pressure: Drug Therapy
    Antihypertensive DrugsTables

    Angular cheilitis

    Lip Disorders: Inflammation

    Anhedonia

    Schizophrenia: Categories

    Anidulafungin

    Drugs for Serious Fungal InfectionsTables

    Animal bites

    Animal Bites

    Anisometropia

    Refractive Disorders: Causes

    Ankle

  • fracture of

  • Foot and Ankle Fractures: Ankle Fractures

  • sprain of

  • Lower Leg Injuries: Ankle Sprain
    Spraining an AnkleFigures

  • swelling (edema) of

  • see also Swelling
    Heart Failure: Symptoms

    Ankylosing spondylitis

    Other Types of Inflammatory Arthritis: Ankylosing Spondylitis
    Low Back Pain: Causes

  • information resources on

  • A

    Ankylosis

  • of temporomandibular joint

  • Temporomandibular Disorders : Ankylosis

    Ankylosis, of temporomandibular joint

    Temporomandibular Disorders : Ankylosis

    Anomia

    Specific Types of Dysfunction: Aphasia
    Testing a Person With AphasiaSidebar

    Anonychia

    Deformities and Discoloration: Birth Deformities

    Anorchia

    Other Birth DefectsTables

    Anorexia nervosa

    Anorexia Nervosa
    Recognizing AnorexiaSidebar
    Symptoms: Loss of Appetite
    Amenorrhea: Causes

    Anoscopy

    Diagnosis: Endoscopy
    Viewing the Digestive Tract With an EndoscopeFigures
    Anal and Rectal Disorders

    Anosmia

    Smell and Taste Disorders

    Anqina

  • Ludwig's

  • Mouth Sores: Infection

    Antacids

  • in elderly persons

  • Precautions With Over-the-Counter Drugs: Older People

  • in flatulence

  • Symptoms: Evaluation and Treatment

  • in gastritis

  • Gastritis: Treatment

  • in gastroesophageal reflux

  • Gastroesophageal Reflux (GERD): Prevention and Treatment

  • in peptic ulcer

  • Peptic Ulcer: Antacids
    Drugs Used to Treat Peptic DisordersTables

  • vitamin deficiencies and

  • Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin DeficiencyTables

    Antagonists, drugs as

    Site Selectivity: Agonists and Antagonists
    Targets in The Body: Cell ReceptorsTables

    Anterior chamber, of eye

    An Inside Look at the EyeFigures
    Structure and Function

  • bleeding into

  • Blunt Injuries to the Eye: Hyphema

  • paracentesis of

  • Blockage of Central Retinal Arteries and Veins: Arterial Blockage

    Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

    Ligaments of the knee.Figures

  • injury to

  • Knee Injuries: Knee Sprains and Meniscal Injuries

    Anthrax

    Biological Warfare and TerrorismSidebar
    Anthrax

  • immunization for

  • Protecting Adults Against Common Infectious DiseasesTables
    Anthrax: Prevention and Treatment

    Antiallergy drugs

    see also Antihistamines

    Antianxiety drugs

    Treatment of Mental Illness: Drug Therapy
    Antianxiety DrugsTables
    Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Treatment

  • abuse of

  • Antianxiety and Sedative Drugs
    Classifying the Abuse Potential of Prescription DrugsSidebar

  • during breastfeeding

  • Taking Drugs While BreastfeedingSidebar

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • during pregnancy

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During PregnancyTables

  • withdrawal from

  • Antianxiety and Sedative Drugs: Withdrawal Symptoms

    Antiarrhythmic drugs

    Dilated Cardiomyopathy: Treatment
    Abnormal Heart Rhythms: Drugs
    Some Drugs Used to Treat ArrhythmiasTables

    Antiasthmatic drugs

    Asthma: Prevention and Treatment
    How to Use a Metered-Dose InhalerFigures
    Drugs Used to Treat AsthmaTables

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be Appropriate Tables

  • during pregnancy

  • Asthma During Pregnancy

    Antibiotics

    see also specific antibiotics and diseases
    Antibiotics
    AntibioticsTables

  • in acne

  • Drugs Used to Treat AcneTables

  • administration of

  • Antibiotics: Taking Antibiotics

  • bacterial resistance to

  • Tolerance and Resistance
    Antibiotics: Antibiotic Resistance

  • bacterial resistance to

  • Bacterial Infections: Antibiotic Resistance

  • in bladder infection

  • Bladder Infection (Cystitis): Prevention
    Preventing Bladder Infections in WomenSidebar

  • in cellulitis

  • Cellulitis: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • colitis with

  • Microorganisms That Cause GastroenteritisTables
    Clostridium difficile–Induced Colitis
    Antibiotics: Side Effects and Allergic Reactions

  • combinations of

  • Antibiotics: Selecting an Antibiotic

  • in Crohn's disease

  • Crohn's Disease: Broad-spectrum Antibiotics

  • in ear infection

  • Middle Ear Infections: Treatment

  • in endocarditis

  • Infective Endocarditis: Treatment and Prognosis

  • in gastroenteritis

  • Gastroenteritis: Treatment

  • in immunodeficiency disorders

  • Immunodeficiency Disorders: Prevention and Treatment

  • intravenous administration of

  • Antibiotics: Home Antibiotic Therapy

  • in kidney infection

  • Kidney Infection (Pyelonephritis): Prevention and Treatment

  • in older people

  • Spotlight on AgingSidebar

  • in peptic ulcer

  • Drugs Used to Treat Peptic DisordersTables

  • during pregnancy

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During PregnancyTables

  • preventive use of

  • Prevention of Infection
    Antibiotics: Taking Antibiotics

  • before surgery

  • Infective Endocarditis: Prevention
    Which Procedures Require Preventive Antibiotics?Tables

  • selection of

  • Antibiotics: Selecting an Antibiotic
    AntibioticsTables

  • side effects of

  • Antibiotics: Side Effects and Allergic Reactions

  • in splenic disorders

  • Spleen Disorders and Immunodeficiency

  • topical

  • Treatment: Anti-infective Agents

  • vitamin deficiencies and

  • Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin DeficiencyTables

    Antibodies

    see also Immunoglobulin(s)
    Understanding the Immune SystemSidebar
    Biology of the Immune System: Substances
    Acquired Immunity: Antibodies
    Basic Y Structure of AntibodiesFigures
    Identifying an Infectious OrganismSidebar
    Defenses Against Infection: Immune Response

  • ABO

  • What Is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?Sidebar

  • anti-citrullinated peptide

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Blood Tests

  • antinuclear

  • Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE): Diagnosis
    Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA): Diagnosis
    Blood Tests*Tables

  • autoimmune

  • see Autoimmune disorders

  • to clotting factors

  • Hemophilia: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • deficiency of

  • in common variable immunodeficiency

  • Common Variable Immunodeficiency

  • in infant

  • Transient Hypogammaglobulinemia of Infancy

  • in premature infant

  • Prematurity: Underdeveloped Immune System

  • in severe combined immunodeficiency

  • Severe Combined Immunodeficiency

  • in X-linked agammaglobulinemia

  • X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia

  • in infants

  • Effects of Aging

  • in Lyme disease

  • Lyme Disease: Diagnosis

  • mitochondrial

  • Primary Biliary Cirrhosis: Diagnosis

  • monoclonal

  • Plasma Cell Disorders

  • in cancer treatment

  • Chemotherapy DrugsTables
    Immunotherapy

  • in transplantation

  • Drugs Used to Prevent Transplant RejectionTables

  • in organ transplantation

  • Transplantation: Tissue Matching

  • Rh

  • Abortion: Complications
    Prenatal Diagnostic Testing: Chorionic Villus Sampling
    Medical Care: First Examination
    Hospital (What to Expect): Vaccines and Immune Globulin
    Rh Incompatibility
    What Is Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn?Sidebar

  • in rheumatoid arthritis

  • Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): Blood Tests

  • ribonucleoprotein

  • Mixed Connective Tissue Disease (MCTD): Diagnosis

  • to self

  • see Autoimmune disorders

  • transfusion of

  • Types of Transfusions: Antibodies

    Anticancer drugs

    see Chemotherapy

    Anticholinergic drugs

  • in asthma

  • Asthma: Drugs With Anticholinergic Effects
    Drugs Used to Treat AsthmaTables

  • in COPD

  • Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): Treatment of Symptoms

  • in Crohn's disease

  • Crohn's Disease: Antidiarrheal Drugs

  • in elderly persons

  • Aging and Drugs: Benefits and Risks
    Anticholinergic: What Does It Mean?Sidebar

  • in lymphocytic colitis

  • Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis: Treatment

  • in Parkinson's disease

  • Parkinson's Disease: Other Drugs
    Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson's DiseaseTables

  • in ulcerative colitis

  • Ulcerative Colitis: Antidiarrheal Drugs

  • in urinary incontinence

  • Some Drugs Used to Treat Urinary IncontinenceTables

  • urinary incontinence with

  • Drugs That May Cause or Worsen Urinary IncontinenceTables

    Anticlotting drugs

    see Anticoagulants

    Anticoagulants

    Drugs and Blood Clots: A Complicated RelationshipSidebar

  • after surgery

  • Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Anticoagulation

  • in atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter

  • Atrial Fibrillation and Atrial Flutter: Preventing Blood Clots

  • in coronary artery disease

  • Drugs Used to Treat Coronary Artery DiseaseTables

  • in deep vein thrombosis prevention

  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Prevention

  • dental procedures and

  • After Dental Treatment: Bleeding

  • food interactions with

  • Some Drug-Food InteractionsTables

  • in heart failure

  • Heart Failure: Drugs for Heart Failure
    Some Drugs Used to Treat Heart FailureTables

  • during pregnancy

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During PregnancyTables

  • in pulmonary embolism

  • Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Anticoagulation

  • in pulmonary embolism prevention

  • Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Treatment

  • in renal artery thrombosis

  • Blockage of the Renal Arteries: Treatment

  • in renal vein thrombosis

  • Renal Vein Thrombosis: Treatment

  • in stroke

  • Ischemic Stroke: Antiplatelet Drugs and Anticoagulants

  • in thrombophilia

  • Thrombophilia: Diagnosis and Treatment

  • vitamin deficiencies and

  • Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin DeficiencyTables

    Anticonvulsants

    Seizure Disorders: Anticonvulsants
    Drugs Used to Treat SeizuresTables

  • in children

  • Using Drugs to Treat Seizures in ChildrenSidebar

  • folic acid deficiency with

  • Folate: Folate Deficiency

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be Appropriate Tables

  • in manic-depressive illness

  • Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Illness): Anticonvulsants

  • for pain

  • Treatment: Anticonvulsants

  • during pregnancy

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During PregnancyTables
    Seizure Disorders During Pregnancy

  • vitamin deficiences and

  • Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin DeficiencyTables

    Antidepressants

    Treatment of Mental Illness: Drug Therapy
    Depression: Drug Therapy
    Drugs Used to Treat DepressionTables

  • after menopause

  • Menopause: Other Drugs
    Some Drugs Used to Treat Symptoms and Effects of MenopauseTables

  • in anxiety disorders

  • Antianxiety DrugsTables
    Generalized Anxiety Disorder: Treatment

  • during breastfeeding

  • Taking Drugs While BreastfeedingSidebar

  • in children

  • Depression in Children: Treatment

  • drug interactions with

  • Precautions With Over-the-Counter Drugs: Drug-Drug Interactions

  • in dying person

  • Symptoms During a Fatal Illness: Pain

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • food interactions with

  • Some Drug-Food InteractionsTables

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be Appropriate Tables

  • in irritable bowel syndrome

  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Treatment

  • in manic-depressive illness

  • Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Illness): Antidepressants

  • for obsessive-compulsive disorder

  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Treatment

  • for pain

  • Treatment: Antidepressants

  • in panic attacks and panic disorder

  • Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder: Drugs

  • in posttraumatic stress disorder

  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): Treatment

  • during pregnancy

  • Drug Use During Pregnancy

  • in premenstrual syndrome

  • Premenstrual Syndrome: Treatment

  • in sleep disorders

  • Sleep Aids: Not to Be Taken LightlySidebar

  • in social phobia

  • Phobic Disorders: Treatment

  • suicide risk and

  • Suicidal Behavior: Antidepressants and the Risk of Suicide
    Depression in Children: Antidepressant Drugs and Suicide

  • urinary incontinence with

  • Drugs That May Cause or Worsen Urinary IncontinenceTables

    Antidiabetic drugs

    Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs
    Oral Antihyperglycemic DrugsTables

  • in children

  • Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Treatment

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be Appropriate Tables

  • in pancreatitis

  • Chronic Pancreatitis: Treatment

  • during pregnancy

  • Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During PregnancyTables

    Antidiarrheal drugs

    Symptoms: Treatment
    Drugs Used to Treat DiarrheaTables

  • in children

  • Gastroenteritis: Treatment

  • in collagenous colitis

  • Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis: Treatment

  • in Crohn's disease

  • Crohn's Disease: Antidiarrheal Drugs

  • in irritable bowel syndrome

  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Treatment

  • in lymphocytic colitis

  • Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis: Treatment

  • in ulcerative colitis

  • Ulcerative Colitis: Antidiarrheal Drugs

    Antidiuretic hormone (vasopressin)

    Kidneys: Water and Electrolyte Balance
    Major Hormones Tables
    Pituitary: The Master GlandFigures
    Pituitary Gland Disorders
    Adrenal Gland Disorders

  • in blood volume regulation

  • Sodium: Controlling Blood Volume

  • in diabetes insipidus

  • Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
    Central Diabetes Insipidus

  • inappropriate secretion of

  • Sodium: Syndrome of Inappropriate Secretion of Antidiuretic Hormone
    What Causes SIADH?Tables

  • in water balance

  • A Careful Balancing ActSidebar

    Antidotes

  • for radioactive materials

  • Radiation Injury: Treatment

    Antiemetic drugs, in elderly persons

    Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

    Antifungal drugs

    Fungal Infections
    Drugs for Serious Fungal InfectionsTables

  • topical

  • Treatment: Anti-infective Agents
    Topical Antifungal DrugsSidebar

  • for vaginal yeast infections

  • Yeast Infection (Candidiasis): Treatment
    Drugs Used to Treat Vaginal Yeast InfectionsTables

    Antigens

    Biology of the Immune System
    Understanding the Immune SystemSidebar

  • B lymphocyte interaction with

  • Acquired Immunity: B Cells

  • T lymphocyte recognition of

  • How T Lymphocytes Recognize AntigensFigures

  • tumor

  • Defenses Against Cancer: Tumor Antigens

    Antiglobulin test (Coombs test)

    Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia: Diagnosis

    Antihistamines

    Recognizing AntihistaminesSidebar
    Allergic Reactions: Antihistamines
    Some AntihistaminesTables

  • in allergic rhinitis

  • Seasonal Allergies: Nasal Symptoms
    Rhinitis: Allergic Rhinitis

  • in common cold

  • Common Cold: Treatment
    Nonprescription Cold RemediesTables
    Rhinitis: Acute Viral Rhinitis

  • in cough remedies

  • Symptoms: Bronchodilators, Corticosteroids, Antihistamines, and Decongestants

  • in elderly persons

  • Precautions With Over-the-Counter Drugs: Older People
    Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • in food allergy

  • Food Allergy: Treatment

  • in itching

  • Treatment: Anti-itch Agents
    Itching: Treatment

  • in pregnancy

  • Allergic Reactions: Treatment

    Antihyperglycemic drugs, oral

    Diabetes Mellitus (DM): Oral Antihyperglycemic Drugs
    Oral Antihyperglycemic DrugsTables

    Antihypertensive drugs

    High Blood Pressure: Drug Therapy
    Antihypertensive DrugsTables

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be Appropriate Tables

  • postprandial hypotension and

  • Postprandial Hypotension

  • during pregnancy

  • Drug Use During Pregnancy
    Some Drugs That Can Cause Problems During PregnancyTables
    High Blood Pressure During Pregnancy: Treatment

    Anti-infective agents

    see also Antibiotics
    Treatment: Anti-infective Agents

    Anti-inflammatory drugs

  • in collagenous colitis

  • Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis: Treatment

  • in Crohn's disease

  • Crohn's Disease: Anti-inflammatory Drugs
    Drugs That Reduce Bowel InflammationTables

  • in lymphocytic colitis

  • Collagenous Colitis and Lymphocytic Colitis: Treatment

  • nonsteroidal

  • see Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

  • in proctitis

  • Proctitis: Treatment

  • steroidal

  • see Corticosteroids

  • topical

  • Treatment: Anti-inflammatory Agents

  • in ulcerative colitis

  • Ulcerative Colitis: Anti-inflammatory Drugs
    Drugs That Reduce Bowel InflammationTables

    Antilymphocyte globulin

    Drugs Used to Prevent Transplant RejectionTables

    Antimetabolites

    Chemotherapy DrugsTables

    Antimitotics

    Chemotherapy DrugsTables

    Antioxidant

    Vitamins and Minerals

  • cancer risk and

  • Diet and Cancer: Antioxidants

  • selenium as

  • Selenium

  • vitamin C as

  • Vitamin C

  • vitamin E as

  • Vitamin E

    Antiphospholipid (anticardiolipin) syndrome

    Thrombophilia: Causes

    Antiplatelet drugs

  • in coronary artery disease

  • Angina: Drug Therapy
    Drugs Used to Treat Coronary Artery DiseaseTables

  • in peripheral arterial disease

  • Occlusive Peripheral Arterial Disease: Arteries of the Legs and Arms

  • in stroke prevention

  • Stroke (CVA): Prevention

  • in stroke treatment

  • Ischemic Stroke: Antiplatelet Drugs and Anticoagulants

    Antipsychotic drugs

    Treatment of Mental Illness: Drug Therapy
    Antipsychotic Drugs: How Do They Work?Sidebar

  • in autism

  • Autism Spectrum Disorders: Prognosis and Treatment

  • during breastfeeding

  • Taking Drugs While BreastfeedingSidebar

  • in childhood schizophrenia

  • Childhood Schizophrenia: Treatment

  • in dementia

  • Dementia: Drugs to Control Behavior

  • in elderly persons

  • Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • generic substitutions for

  • When Generic Substitution May Not Be Appropriate Tables

  • in manic-depressive illness

  • Bipolar Disorder (Manic-Depressive Illness): Antipsychotics

  • in older persons

  • Dementia: Drugs to Control Behavior

  • in schizophrenia

  • Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs
    Antipsychotic DrugsTables
    Antipsychotic Drugs: How Do They Work?Sidebar

  • side effects of

  • What Is Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome?Sidebar
    Schizophrenia: Antipsychotic Drugs

  • swallowing problems with

  • Abnormal Propulsion of Food: Propulsion Disorders of the Throat

  • in Tourette's syndrome

  • Tics: Severe Symptoms

  • urinary incontinence with

  • Drugs That May Cause or Worsen Urinary IncontinenceTables

    Antipsychotics

  • in anorexia nervosa

  • Anorexia Nervosa: Treatment

  • vitamin deficiencies and

  • Some Drugs That Cause Vitamin DeficiencyTables

    Antipyretic drugs

    Defenses Against Infection: Fever

  • in common cold

  • Nonprescription Cold RemediesTables

    Antiretroviral drugs

    Human Immunodeficiency Virus HIV Infection: Antiretroviral Drugs

    Antiseizure drugs

    see Anticonvulsants

    Antisense technology

    Gene Therapy

    Antiseptics

    Treatment: Anti-infective Agents

    Antisocial personality

    Personality Disorders: Antisocial Personality

    Antispasmodic drugs

    Some Drugs Particularly Likely to Cause Problems in Older PeopleTables

  • in irritable bowel syndrome

  • Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Treatment

    Antithrombin deficiency

    Thrombophilia: Causes

    Antithymocyte globulin

    Drugs Used to Prevent Transplant RejectionTables

    Antitussive drugs

    Symptoms: Antitussive Therapy

    Antivenom

  • serum sickness with

  • What Is Serum Sickness?Sidebar

  • for snake bite

  • Snake Bites: Treatment

  • for spider bite

  • Spider Bites: Treatment

    Antiviral drugs

    Viral Infections: Treatment
    Antiviral DrugsTables

  • in chickenpox

  • Chickenpox: Prognosis and Treatment

  • in hepatitis

  • Chronic Hepatitis: Hepatitis B and C

  • in herpes simplex virus infection

  • Herpes Simplex Virus Infections: Treatment
    Herpes Simplex Keratitis

  • in herpes zoster ophthalmicus

  • Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus

  • in immunodeficiency disorders

  • Immunodeficiency Disorders: Prevention and Treatment

  • in influenza

  • Influenza: Prevention
    Influenza: Treatment

  • in Parkinson's disease

  • Parkinson's Disease: Other Drugs
    Drugs Used to Treat Parkinson's DiseaseTables

  • in shingles

  • Shingles: Prevention and Treatment

    Ant stings

    Bee, Wasp, Hornet, and Ant Stings

    Anuria

    Acute Kidney Failure: Symptoms

    Anus

    Digestive SystemFigures
    Rectum and Anus
    External Female Genital OrgansFigures

  • abscess of

  • Anorectal Abscess

  • atresia of

  • Digestive Tract Defects: Anal Atresia

  • biology of

  • Rectum and Anus
    Anal and Rectal Disorders

  • cancer of

  • Anal Cancer

  • examination of

  • Diagnosis: Medical History and Physical Examination

  • exercises for

  • Symptoms: Treatment

  • fissure of

  • Anal Fissure

  • in Crohn's disease

  • Crohn's Disease: Symptoms and Complications

  • fistula of

  • Anorectal Fistula

  • foreign objects in

  • Foreign Objects

  • hemorrhoids of

  • Hemorrhoids
    Banding a HemorrhoidFigures

  • itching around

  • Anal Itching
    Causes of Anal ItchingTables
    Dermatitis: Symptoms and Diagnosis

  • muscles of, problems with

  • Symptoms: Dyschezia
    Symptoms: Treatment

  • in newborn

  • Physical Examination

  • rectal prolapse in

  • Rectal Prolapse

    Anvil (incus)

    A Look Inside the EarFigures
    Ears: Middle Ear

    Anxiety

    Anxiety Disorders
    Antianxiety DrugsTables

  • in adolescents

  • Anxiety Disorders in Children

  • alkalosis with

  • Alkalosis

  • in children

  • Anxiety Disorders in Children

  • depression and

  • Anxiety Disorders: Symptoms

  • drugs for

  • see Antianxiety drugs

  • in dying person

  • Symptoms During a Fatal Illness: Depression and Anxiety

  • dyspepsia and

  • Symptoms: Causes

  • generalized

  • Generalized Anxiety Disorder

  • in children and adolescents

  • Anxiety Disorders in Children: Generalized Anxiety Disorder

  • hyperventilation syndrome and

  • Symptoms: Other Causes

  • medical disorders and

  • Anxiety Induced by Physical Disorders or Drugs

  • in panic attacks and panic disorder

  • Panic Attacks and Panic Disorder
    What Is Exposure Therapy?Sidebar

  • performance and

  • How Anxiety Affects PerformanceFigures

  • in personality disorders

  • Personality Disorders: Cluster C Anxious or Inhibited Behavior

  • in phobic disorders

  • Phobic Disorders
    Some Common PhobiasTables

  • in posttraumatic stress disorder

  • Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

  • separation, in children

  • Separation Anxiety
    Social and Emotional Development
    Anxiety Disorders in Children: Separation Anxiety Disorder

  • social

  • Phobic Disorders: Social Phobia

  • in children and adolescents

  • Anxiety Disorders in Children: Social Phobia

  • during travel

  • Problems in Transit: Anxiety

    Anxiolytics

    see Antianxiety drugs

  • for children and adolescents

  • Anxiety Disorders in Children: Treatment

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